1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  
 
[   ( 1500 1956 .)]
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.        ?               
2. 1789             
-
3.         ,       '   
?
4.               ?
-
5.   
             
2
Easy2Siksha
6.
         ?       
  ?
-
7.
1929        ? -   '        
8.               ?
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  
 
[   ( 1500 1956 .)]
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.        ?               
:   ,          14

    17
             
" "   
         ""  
  " "      
    ( " " 
 )         ,  ,  , 
       
    
         ,   -    
    :
1.        
1453                 
            -      
        ,        
    ,    
 
4
Easy2Siksha
2.  
1440        ,     
        '         ,
      ,          
       ,        
    
3.  
,       ,       , 
                
     -           ,
    
     
4.    
                   
  ,  ,       
     
          ,       
       ,         ,  
     
5.    
                 
'            " "   
 , ,        '      
  '        
6.       
                 
,             
( )    ( )          
 ,             ,    
        
7.  -    
     ,           
  -       ,     
    ,         ,    
     
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    
        '        
     :
1.     
               
       ,       -
               
 ,     
      "  "         
  ,            
 ,    " "  "  ,"     
 " "        '    
     
           
,                

2.   
  16
 17
        
  
      '             
            
           
               
        ,     - 
  
      ,         
,        
3.   :  
              ,
     ,          
  ,   ,       , 1517    
  '  95            -
      
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4.   
                  ,
 ,   ,          
              
1492               
           ,     
-    
         
       ,       ,    , 
    
5.    
  ,                ' 
            ,     
   ,       '       '   
     ,      '      
 
6.    
            '     
               ,  ,
             ,  
  ,              
                 
   ,          
       
          ,  
      ,        
     
7.    :   
              
             ,  
    
          
       

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Easy2Siksha
8.     
    ,   '          
   ,         ,  ,  
                
  
  ',        '      
             '   
  ,              

        ,      
         ,    ,    
,                ,  
,  , ,            
,   
    ,   ,     
      '         
          
2. 1789             
:1789              
    ,      ,       
  , ,          , 
  '        
 
1.    
                  
        ,    ,    
    ,    , ,     ( )
               ,   
     ,            
    ,         -  
     
  '             
           ,   ,   -
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Easy2Siksha
   ,      
          
      ,         
2.  
18
   ,           ,     
   ,            
      1780          ,  
          
XVI            ,    
       ,          
      , 1780            , 
  ,         ,      
  -      ,         
    
,          
   
3.         
 XVI             
          ,  XVI   ,  ,
              -
       ,         
          ,        
 
   , XVI              
  -   ,          , 
           ,   
    
             
4.     -  
         ,      
,             
  ,
            ,         
,                 
    ,              
    
      '  , XVI 1789   -  
  ,    1614    
  - 
     ,      .     
,            ,   
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Easy2Siksha
          , 
     
   
      
   ,   
         ,       
5.       
   ,   '      ,  
,          ,    
          ,    
 '          -      
,         '    
    , ,              
                
          
6.          
   ,         ,      
       ,   '     
       ,     '   (  ' )
  ,     ,      , 
     '    
         ,           
, 
          ,    
      ,      
  1789 , 
               
7.      
                  
     '              
   ,             
 ,             
        ,         
     
      1787           
  ,         -    
                   
       
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Easy2Siksha

1789    , ,        
     ,  ,  ,  , 
                  
                
   ,      '       
                ,   
        
-
3.          ,       '   
?
: ,  18
           19
  
    ,                   
, -           
     ,          

      
1.      :       
  '           
     ,          
  ,   ' ,         
                 
         ""  

2.        :     
        ,        , 
              '
 ,       '       
   , ,        
     
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Easy2Siksha
3.     :                
               
                
        ,  ,   
    ,           
4.     :          
,               
,    ,       
 
         ,         
               
     
5. :               
,             
          ,     -
                 
   ,     -  ,  , 
          
       
1.     :        
,          :    
  ,       
    "
"   ,              
         ,    " " , 
 , ,             
 
2.      : ,       
 ,              -
       ,      14-16     
   ,                
             
    ,   ,       
     
3. -     :       
   ,   ,           
     ,     ,   
            
12
Easy2Siksha
            ,    
 
 ,        
 
4.     '  :        
    ,      -      ,
              
,              
     ,        
           ,   
        
5.     :            '
          ,     
             
,                
     ,     
6.     :     ,    
    '  ,        
            , 
       ,       
             
      
1.    :        ,  
             
     ,  " "   ,    
    ,      ""   
     ,       '
   
2.       :         
               
        ,    ,   
           
              
             
              

3.   :             - 
      ,        
   ,   , 1832  1867       , 
13
Easy2Siksha
               , 
              
4.     '  :          
           ,     
,              
            
    ,          
     
5.      :          
,               
    -             
       ,       
     ,           
       I   

           ,   
           ,    
              
   ,            
              
,
      ,         
4.               ?
:    ,   " "   , 1914  1918   
               '    ,
             ,    
       ,   20
       

    
1.  :               
                
      ,            
14
Easy2Siksha
  , -      ,   
      -       
       ,       
           ,     ,
           
2.    :      ,       
      ,        ,  
              
, 
              
,              ,   
        
3.  :                
      1914 ,    ,   '  
,            ,         
           , 
   
             
4.   : ,          ,      
      -     -     ,  
    ,      -    
      .          
     , 
       
  
5.      :     28 , 1914
-      ,    
               
       -      
 ,            
    
1.    :      ,   17     ,
                , 
              
  ,       ,         
2.  :  , -,     
          ,      , 
        ,   1917     
,           |
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Easy2Siksha
3.   :             
        ,        
         ,      
    ,         
    
4.   :   ' 1919        
   '   ,        
              
 ,                  
  
5.    :  ,           
            , 
             
      
6.   :          
,             ,    
             ,    
       
7.    :            
 , ,              
                   
       

                ,
           ,  ,  ,
 ,              
  ,     ,    -   
       ,    ,    
   ,             ,    
'   ,          
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-
5.   
             
:   
  (NEP),   1921      ,   
                , 
      , NEP         
 ,                

      
1.   : NEP            
             -  
              ,  
  '   ,      '   
          ,      
        
2.    :NEP          
   ,          ,  
         NEP        
,                
              
   ,        
3.      :           ,
  '              
        '      ,
    '         
          ,     
       
4.      :          
 ,       " "    
- , ,         -   
              
               
     
5.     :   NEP        ,  
              
      ,    
 ,   
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               
 ,   '       
6.   :NEP    
 , chervonets  ,   
         -    
             
    , NEP             
            

    
1.  :NEP                
         
     
              ,
     1920     ,     ,
   -          
 
2.  :NEP  ""          
 
       , ,       
                
  ,              
              ,
     NEP        
   
3.    :   , NEP      
 ,             
      ,   '      , NEP 
  ,         , 
       ,        
4.      : NEP       
  -         
       ,       
   NEP           
        NEP   ,  
   -            
 "  "   
5.       :             
   ,            
                 
18
Easy2Siksha
             
           
6.     :     , NEP    
               
     1924       , NEP   
  ,  1920   ,       
               
        '      
 

   
            
                   
, NEP               
      -      ,  
      NEP       
               ,     
          
NEP             ,     
       
 
6.
         ?       
  ?
:         (1868-1894)
     ,       19
  
          ,   ,    ,  
'                 , 
1868    ,    ,         
      '  
   
,    ,            
(  )             
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  
,          -    
     -    ,       
    
,   -   
  . 19
   ,  ,
     ,    '         1853
      ,          
 ,                 
         ,     
            
           
        ,         ,  
'      ,           
               
   ,             
          
1868  ,              '
             , 
     
         
     
   ,             
   
              
   ,    , ,       
 ,           
1.   
o       ,       
            
()           

o 1889  ,      ,   ,   
            , 
    ,        ,
              
o     '    ,    
 
       ,   
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    ,        
       
2.   
o             '  ,  
            
,  ,          
o             
 ,         ( 
 )   
o            ,
 ,      ,   
             
          
o          ,  
      
3.   
o               
      ,         
 
o       ,       
    1873           
             ,    
      
o       ,   '        
       ,  
     ,          
     
4.      
o           -  
         ,    
,          
            
  
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o        ,     
    ,      
 
o           ,  ,
,        ,   
            ,
      ,       

o               
    ,   -   ,
           , 
  
       
      '   ,        
                
                  

1.  
o            1850  1860    
         ,   
            ,
           , 
 '        
2.   -   
o               ,
         '     1894  ,  
 -    ,       
       
o    ,         
 ,
     '   
3. -   
o                ,
       1904-1905   - 
   ,      ,      
    
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    
     ,    ,         
:
1.         
o 20
   ,   , -     
              
            

2.     
o               
            
          ,     
          
3.    '   
o            
,         
            
   
4.     
o            
    ,        
,    ,   '       
      
5.  '  
o               
,   '          
 ,    -      
 , ,       , 
 20
     

                ,    
-,              
              
     
         , ,   
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Easy2Siksha
         ,      
      
-
7.
1929        ? -   '        
:1929   ,       ,      
                    1929 
  1930                
            '    ,  
  
1929       ?
               :
1. 1929     :     -  
1929         1920   ,   
      ,           
          ,      
,     ,       ,    
 .
2.     :    ,       
  
                
 ,        ,       
           ,        
            ,   
  
3.       :         ,
      .              
   ,           
        ,      
4.      :      
;    
                  
    1930   -    (   '
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Easy2Siksha
)            ,  
              
     
5.    :1930     ,       
  ,         
 ,   
   ,            
-   '    
                   , 
  ,       
     
    '  
           ,     
    :
 : 1933 ,  25%     ,   
              
,    
   :          ,
             ,     
"  " (    ')      
    :1929  1933   ,     9,000 
  ,              
        
   : -      ,      
      ,         
    
   :  ,           
  ,   
         
     ,         
        .   1933     
 
  ,          ,
           
 '  
,           ,       :
:                  ,
             ,   
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Easy2Siksha
            ,  
         ,        
 ,           
             , 
             
  :        
      20%    ,    
         ,       
  , -           
 
 :           ,  1931 , 
              ,
 ,          
          ,  
           
: ,        ,    
    
        ,
               
    
   '  
 :           

         ,  
,     ,   ,     
              
,             

  :         ,   
,      '          
,         ,    
         ,      
   
:  ,            
 ,    '   ,         
,        1930      
         , 
      
    
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 :   ,       , 
                 
  ,     ' ,    
,          -    

         
       
;     
  :
1.     : ,        
            ,
             
        ,        
      ,         
 
2.      :      ,    
        ,    .
    
          
 ,       ,   ,   
        
3.    :         ,  
,          ,  , 
        ,          
  , ..      ,     
    
          
4.     '  :       
       ,       
  ,      ,   
     ,                

1929                   ,
    ,         
,            
             
 ,                   
   ,             
       
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8.               ?
: 20
            ,   
               
 ,        -         
             
1.       
     ,         :
 :        ,
             '  
     ,       .
 :        ,    
,   '         ,   
   
           
      
   :          
               
          
2.     
        :
  :   ,    ,    
   
          
              
  :            ,
               

3.  
                 :
    :1917          
   ,           
        , 
   
        
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Easy2Siksha
     :        
              
 ,            
4.         
        :
  :            
      ,       
           "   , , " , 
       
      :     '   :
o -  :             
              
     
o    :       ,     
     ,     
            
   
o  :           
              
     ""     
   
5.   
              
:
   :  , 
    
    
          
               
 
 :       ,        
                
1929     '  ,        

6.     
                :
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 :             
            
  ,             ( 
    )         
    :      ()      
            '  , 
               
         
7.  '   (1922)
         1922      :
  :         ,   
             
 
   III       ,    
   
8.      
       ,          
:
 :        ,  
           
           , 
  ,        
 :             
        '  ,    
      
9.        
1920     ,           :
-  :       ,  
                ' 
     
 :         ,    
           
  :          
         ,    ( ) 
 '     
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
        ,  ,    
             

     ,           
                , 
 , ,          ,    
            
:       Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         